Impact of Return Migration in Central Asian Countries: Dynamics and Challenge Impact of Return Migration in Central Asian Countries: Dynamics and Challenge

Abstract

Movement of people occurs from one region to another region, one country to another country by settling a temporary time or permanently called migration. It happens mostly based on push and pull factors. Migration from one native place to another is due to poor economic conditions, fewer business opportunities, educational hinderers, and unemployment. After industrialization and World War II, most of the countries experienced internal and external migration. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Central Asian countries are also going through practices of internal and external migration. The shift from a command economy to a market economy and the shift of skilled Russian manpower from the region to Russia resulted in the closure of federally funded industries. Most industries located in different locations of the CARs countries faced difficulties that have impacted the local population in various spheres. Poverty, unemployment, infrastructural degradation, and lack of adequate medical and educational facilities are the key factors for the migration from Central Asia to various regions of the world and within Central Asia. Nowadays, Return Migration (voluntary and forced) is happening worldwide due to the demand for a skilled workforce, policies for labour demand (destination countries), and the evolution of technocentric industries, pandemics, natural disasters, etc. All these factors impacted migration patterns in the Central Asia region. Therefore, the paper “Impact of Return Migration in Central Asian Countries: Dynamics and Challenge” is an effort to discuss the various factors responsible for the Return Migration in Central Asia. Also, it addresses the following questions: What are the push and pull factors for the external migration from CARs to another region of Eurasia, especially Russia, and what are the factors for internal migration within CARs? and What are the changing dynamics of the Return Migration in Central Asia?.

Keywords: Migration, Pull Factor and Push Factor, Central Asian, Eurasia, and Return Migration.