Environmental risks in Central Asia and its impact on regional cooperation
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Кілттік сөздер:
environment, ecology, security, cooperation,Аннотация
In the XXI century, questions of environmental problems in Central Asia go beyond the region, defying the international community. It is known, environmental issues that were raised repeatedly on the agenda of international tribunes and scale concepts of environmental security requires clear actions and decisions in some areas of international politics. During the Soviet period lands of Central Asia used for production. These and other policies were hold incorrectly, aiming only to get economic benefits. The results were destructive for the development of CA. The region and its inhabitants had to pay for its costs: environmental degradation; water shortages and pollution, health problems. Nowadays these problems are still actual and need solutions. Therefore leaders of CA countries looking ways of cooperation in order to provide environmental security.Библиографиялық сілтемелер
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13 Environmental Performance Review of Kazakhstan, UN Economic Commission for Europe, September 2001, online version, http://www.unece.org/env/epr/studies/kazakhstan, Accessed: 16.03.2014
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16.03.2014
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Env_Profile_Tajikistan, Accessed: 16.03.2014
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psa.ac.uk/cps/1998/ohara.pdf, Accessed: 16.03.2014
19 G. Baikushikova, “The environmental aspect of security in Central Asia” // Nauka i studia 2011 41- том, №10, 29 – 35 стр.,6 – стр.
20 Mehdi Parvizi Amineh, “Environmental security debates in Central Asia: The post-Kiev process/ 3,” International Institute for
Asian Studies; http://www.afes press.de/pdf/Hague/Amineh_Rakel_Environmetal_Security.pdf, Access.: 16.03.2014
2 Dukhovny, V., Civilisation and Water Resources Management in Central Asia, Report prepared for the World Bank, Tashkent,
1995, p. 13
3 Yazliev, C., Turkmenshaya celshaya obshina, (Ashgabat 1992).
4 Black, C., The Modernization of Inner Asia, (New York, 1991), p. 69
5 Review «Environment,water and security in Central Asia», Almaty, – 2003. – pp.7-9
6 Bregel Y., “Central Asia-In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols”, in E. Yarshater (ed), Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 5, (Costa Mesa CA: Mazda Publishers, 1992): 199-205; Zaharchenk, B. T., Voda v turmenskoi zhizni, (Ashgabat, 1990); Gleason, G., The struggle for control over water in central Asia: republican sovereignty and collective action, RFE/RL Report on the USSR, (June 21,1991); Micklin, P. P. & W. D. Williams, The Aral Sea Basin, NATO ASI Series 2: Environment, 11, Springer Verlag (1996)
7 Carley P., “The price of the Plan: Perceptions of cotton and health in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan”, Central Asian Survey, 8/4,(1989), 1-38
8 Annual Report of the Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia (2001-2006). – Almaty, – 2006, p.10
9 Spoor, Max and Anatoly Krutov, ‘The Power of Water in a Divided Central Asia’, in Mehdi parvizi Amineh & Henk Houweling(eds.), Central Eurasia in Global Politics: Conflict, Security and Development, (Leiden, Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2004), 593-614, table 11.1
10 EIA, ‘Caspian Sea Region’, Country Analysis Brief, (August 2003), on-line version, http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/caspian.html, Accessed: 16.03.2014
11 Amineh, Mehdi Parvizi, «Globalisation, Geopolitics and Energy Security in Central Eurasia and the Caspian region», Den Haag: CIEP 2003, ch. 9, p.74
12 ICG, ‘Central Asia: Border Disputes and Conflict Potential’, ICG Asia Report, no. 33, (Osh/Brussels, 4 April, 2002), pp. 7-9.
13 Environmental Performance Review of Kazakhstan, UN Economic Commission for Europe, September 2001, online version, http://www.unece.org/env/epr/studies/kazakhstan, Accessed: 16.03.2014
14 UNDP, Tajikistan Human development Report, 1996, online version, http://www.undp.org/rbec/nhdr/1996/tajikistan, Accessed:
16.03.2014
15 ‘Addressing Environmental Risks in Central Asia: Risks, Policies, Capacities’, Environmental Governance Series, OSCE,UNDP, UNEP, 2003, 16; ADB, Environmental Profile of Tajikistan, 2000, 25, online version, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/
Env_Profile_Tajikistan, Accessed: 16.03.2014
16 Ladonina, Nina N., Dimitry A. Cherniakhovsky, Igor B. Akarov and Victor F. Basevich, Managing Agricultural Resources fo Biodiversity Conservation-Case Study of Russia and CIS countries, Final Draft, 2001, p. 19
17 “Addressing Environmental Risks in Central Asia: Risks, Policies, Capacities”, Environmental Governance Series, OSCE, UNDP, UNEP, 2003, p. 25
18 O’Hara, Sara L., “Water and Conflict and Central Asia”, Environmental Politics in Central Asia, 6, online version, http://www.
psa.ac.uk/cps/1998/ohara.pdf, Accessed: 16.03.2014
19 G. Baikushikova, “The environmental aspect of security in Central Asia” // Nauka i studia 2011 41- том, №10, 29 – 35 стр.,6 – стр.
20 Mehdi Parvizi Amineh, “Environmental security debates in Central Asia: The post-Kiev process/ 3,” International Institute for
Asian Studies; http://www.afes press.de/pdf/Hague/Amineh_Rakel_Environmetal_Security.pdf, Access.: 16.03.2014
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Как цитировать
Сембеков, Н. Н., & Кукеева Ф. T. (2016). Environmental risks in Central Asia and its impact on regional cooperation. Халықаралық қатынастар және халықаралық құқық сериясы, 66(2). вилучено із https://bulletin-ir-law.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-mo/article/view/531
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