The main legislative approaches to the criminalization of aggression
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Keywords:
International Criminal Court, crime of aggression, the Rome Statute, the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, the Tokyo Interna-tional Military Tribunal, territorial integrity, political independence, Charter of the United Nations,Abstract
In 1945, there emerged the issue of recognizing wars of aggression as a crime under international law. Ever since, the crime of aggression was integrated in many countries’ criminal laws. The article sets out the main legislative approaches towards formulating the elements of the crime of aggression, and towards the perspectives of criminal prosecutions for this crime in connection with the adoption, in 2010, of relevant amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. On condition of achievement of the number of ratifications necessary for the adoption of amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, there is a high probability, that the states most influential in the military, political, economic and ideological relation, will remain away from process of international legal criminalization of aggression. Most likely, they will interfere with activity of the International Criminal Court.References
1 UNTC, Chapter XVIII («Penal matters», section 10.b (Amendments on the crime of aggression to the Rome Statute
of the International Criminal Court), http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-10-
b&chapter=18&lang=en (last visit – March 4, 2015)
2 International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment of 1 October 1946, in The Trial of German Major War Criminals.
Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting на стр.Nuremberg, Germany, Part 22 (22nd August, 1946 to 1st October, 1946)
3 Fenwick C. G. Draft Code of Offenses Against the Peace and Security of Mankind // AJIL. – 1952. – № 1 (46). – С. 98–100; Potter P. B. Offenses Against the Peace and Security of Mankind // AJIL. – 1952. – № 1 (46). – С. 101 – 102
4 Ambos K. The Crime of Aggression after Kampala // 53 German YIL. – 2010. – С. 464
5 Sayapin S. The Compatibility of the Rome Statute’s Draft Definition of the Crime of Aggression with National Criminal
Justice Systems // Revue Internationale de Droit Pénale. – 2010. – № 81 (1–2).– С. 9; Sayapin S. Opredeleniye prestupleniya agressii
i natsional’nyye pravovyye sistemy // Mezhdunarodnoye pravosudiye.- 2012. – № 1(2). – S. 99 – 109
6 Orakhelashvili A. Peremptory Norms in International Law.- Oxford University Press, 2006. – Р. 50–51
7 Barriga S.egotiating the Amendments on the crime of aggressionS. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.).The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression. Cambridge University Press, 2012. – С. 3–80
8 International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment of 1 October 1946 // The Trial of German Major War Criminals.
Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting (Nuremberg, Germany, Part 22), 22nd August, 1946 to 1st October, 1946.
– P. 447.
of the International Criminal Court), http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-10-
b&chapter=18&lang=en (last visit – March 4, 2015)
2 International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment of 1 October 1946, in The Trial of German Major War Criminals.
Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting на стр.Nuremberg, Germany, Part 22 (22nd August, 1946 to 1st October, 1946)
3 Fenwick C. G. Draft Code of Offenses Against the Peace and Security of Mankind // AJIL. – 1952. – № 1 (46). – С. 98–100; Potter P. B. Offenses Against the Peace and Security of Mankind // AJIL. – 1952. – № 1 (46). – С. 101 – 102
4 Ambos K. The Crime of Aggression after Kampala // 53 German YIL. – 2010. – С. 464
5 Sayapin S. The Compatibility of the Rome Statute’s Draft Definition of the Crime of Aggression with National Criminal
Justice Systems // Revue Internationale de Droit Pénale. – 2010. – № 81 (1–2).– С. 9; Sayapin S. Opredeleniye prestupleniya agressii
i natsional’nyye pravovyye sistemy // Mezhdunarodnoye pravosudiye.- 2012. – № 1(2). – S. 99 – 109
6 Orakhelashvili A. Peremptory Norms in International Law.- Oxford University Press, 2006. – Р. 50–51
7 Barriga S.egotiating the Amendments on the crime of aggressionS. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.).The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression. Cambridge University Press, 2012. – С. 3–80
8 International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment of 1 October 1946 // The Trial of German Major War Criminals.
Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting (Nuremberg, Germany, Part 22), 22nd August, 1946 to 1st October, 1946.
– P. 447.
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Sayapin, S. V. (2016). The main legislative approaches to the criminalization of aggression. International Relations and International Law Journal, 70(2). Retrieved from https://bulletin-ir-law.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-mo/article/view/99
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International relations and foreign policy
