The concept of communicative qualifications and its basic components

Abstract

This article examines such concepts as «communication», «intercultural communication», «communicative competence» and a review of the definition and opinion of famous linguists. Also in this article, a comparative analysis of the linguistic and cultural characteristics of communication in Kazakh and French languages communicative competence. Learning a foreign language is, from both a linguistic and a communicative view, a matter of mastering «competence» and «performance». Chomsky`s view of what it means to know a language is reflected in his distinction between linguistic competence and linguistic performance. In Aspects of the Chomsky writes: Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker listener, in a completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance. Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user’s grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately. The term was coined by Dell Hymes in 1966, reacting against the perceived inadequacy of Noam Chomsky’s (1965) distinction between linguistic competence and performance. To address Chomsky’s abstract notion of competence, Hymes undertook ethnographic exploration of communicative competence that included «communicative form and function in integral relation to each other». The approach pioneered by Hymes is now known as the ethnography of communication. All the popular concepts of communication today were presented by representatives of the American school of Palo Alto, which included researchers from various fields of science of the sixties: psychiatrists Vatrlaus, Jackson and anthropologists Batson, Buduysman, E. Goffman, I. Vinkin. Also, according to scientists, relationships imply verbal and non-verbal activities.
Key words: communication, intercultural communication, communicative competence, linguistic, discursive, pragmatic (practical), sociolinguistic, strategic competence.