Routing of a drug trafficking «Northern» and «Caspian» routs in a perspective of a regional threat to security
225 59
Keywords:
regional security, drug trafficking, «Northern Route», «Caspian route», Central Asia, Afghanistan,Abstract
The spread of drugs has widely become an extend. For Central Asia this is both, an appeal and a warning to regional security. Two regions distinguish in global practises regarding growth of drug sales and accompaning problems, Central Asia and Caspian, where the drug trade has been developed for decades. The borders are wide open and allow expansion and adaptation to the enviroment for «business» like that. This problem is considered as a threat to progressive development of this two regions. One assumption indicate that, as more intensive the desintegration of interregional and legal relations (economic, political, humanitarian and other alliances) is, as more the illegal drug trade is integrated. Associations with government regulators leads to loss of sovereignty of slight areas.References
1 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 (Konventsiya OON ot 1988 «Protiv nezakonnogo rasprostraneniya narkotikov i psikhotropnykh sredstv»): [www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf]
2 UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]; UNODC Research, Analysis and Statistics. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/ en/research.html/]; Thematic Programme on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice 2012-2015 // UNODC World Drug Documents. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-andprison-
reform/20120702_-_thematic_programme_crime_prev_and_criminal_justice-2012-2015_final.pdf]
3 Afganskiy narkotrafik: osnovnyye marshruty. Spravka // RIA Novosti. – 2010, 03 iyunya. URL: [http://ria.ru/spravka/20100603/242406939.html]
4 Yezhegodnyy mirovoy narkotrafik otsenivayetsya v 800 milliardov dollarov // Pressria.ru. – 2012, 06 marta
5 UNODC World Drug Report 2011 (Marshruty trafika geroina iz Afganistana i yego ob»yomy v 2009 g.). URL: [http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook. pdf], – P. 71
6 Global heroin flows from Asian points of origin // UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/
unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]; Mirovyye proizvoditeli i postavshchiki narkotikov.- URL: [http://web.archive.org/web/201310211316112/http:/vestnik-mgou.ru/web/library/files/ incoming/2/2009/3/st27.pdf/], 27 marta 2009
7 Yevropa, Rossiya i Iran potreblyayut boleye 80 % afganskikh narkotikov // Islamnews. – 2010, 09 June: [http://www.islamnews.ru/news-24746.html]; Afganistan i problema narkotikov // Golosameriki [http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/Afghanistandrugs-
2010-06-03-95555239/1851.html]
8 Afghanistan’s opium crop hits record high // Independent. – 2013, 15 April. – URL: [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/
world/asia/afghanistans-opium-crop-hits-record-high-as-farmers-return-to-planting-illicit-poppies-8573125.html]
9 U.S., Afghanistan Announcement of Counternarcotics Awards // U.S. Department of State. – 2010, 10 November:[http://
iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2010/11/20101110153112su0.6520894.html]
10 US to Give $19.2 m to Ministry of Counternarcotics // Afghanistan.net. – 2011, 04 December:[http://outlookafghanistan.net/national.php pageNum_national=143&totalRows_national=2652,], [http://outlookafghanistan.net/national_detail.php?post_
id=2723#sthash.bkwNjgGx.dpuf]
11 The deadly blooms of Helmand: Afghan farmers turn to the opium crop, despite the police’s best efforts // Independent. – 2015, 03 May; takzhe «Chego deystvitel’no udalos’ dostich’ v rezul’tate voyny v Afganistane?» // Independent. – 2011, 29 May
12 Afganskiy narkotrafik: osnovnyye marshruty. Spravka: [Press-konferentsiya glavy FSKN Rossii 11 fevralya 2011] // RIA Novosti. – 2010, 03 iyunya; UNODC World Drug Report 2010: URL:[https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-
2010.html]
13 Drug trafficking. UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]
14 The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: website 2010. – R.115. – URL: http://www. unodc.org/documents/data_and_analysis/tocta/TOCTA_Report_2010_low_res.
pdf; Sm.: Drug Situation Analysis Report: Central Asia
15 Opiate Flows through Northern Afghanistan and Central Asia: A Threat Assessment // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: website. 2012. May. – P. 46. URL: http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Studies/Afghanistan_nort-hern_
route_2012_web.pdf
16 Komissina I., Kurtov A. Narkoticheskaya «zarya» nad Tsentral’noy Aziyey – novaya ugroza tsivilizatsii // Tsentral’naya Aziya i Kavkaz. – 2000. – № 5; Narkotiki iz Afganistana v Rossiyu postavlyayut pochti 200 narkokarteley // Regnum.ru. – 2009, 06
May. – URL: [http://www.regnum.ru/news/1160010.html]
17 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: [http://www.unodc.org/
pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf]
18 Resolution 51/12 of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs [https://www.unodc.org/documents/ commissions/cnd/drug_resolutions/
2000-2009/2008/cnd_res-2008-12e. pdf]
19 Vsemirnyy doklad o narkotikakh 2015 g., UNODC// URL:http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2015/WDR15_ExSum_R.pdf
20 Al’ternativnoye razvitiye. Ofitsial’nyy sayt UNP OON // [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/ru/alternative-development/index.html]; Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015. Socio-economic analysis. March 2015. Research. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Counter Narcotics/ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: [www.unodc.org], [www.mcn.gov.af]
2 UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]; UNODC Research, Analysis and Statistics. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/ en/research.html/]; Thematic Programme on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice 2012-2015 // UNODC World Drug Documents. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-andprison-
reform/20120702_-_thematic_programme_crime_prev_and_criminal_justice-2012-2015_final.pdf]
3 Afganskiy narkotrafik: osnovnyye marshruty. Spravka // RIA Novosti. – 2010, 03 iyunya. URL: [http://ria.ru/spravka/20100603/242406939.html]
4 Yezhegodnyy mirovoy narkotrafik otsenivayetsya v 800 milliardov dollarov // Pressria.ru. – 2012, 06 marta
5 UNODC World Drug Report 2011 (Marshruty trafika geroina iz Afganistana i yego ob»yomy v 2009 g.). URL: [http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook. pdf], – P. 71
6 Global heroin flows from Asian points of origin // UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/
unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]; Mirovyye proizvoditeli i postavshchiki narkotikov.- URL: [http://web.archive.org/web/201310211316112/http:/vestnik-mgou.ru/web/library/files/ incoming/2/2009/3/st27.pdf/], 27 marta 2009
7 Yevropa, Rossiya i Iran potreblyayut boleye 80 % afganskikh narkotikov // Islamnews. – 2010, 09 June: [http://www.islamnews.ru/news-24746.html]; Afganistan i problema narkotikov // Golosameriki [http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/Afghanistandrugs-
2010-06-03-95555239/1851.html]
8 Afghanistan’s opium crop hits record high // Independent. – 2013, 15 April. – URL: [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/
world/asia/afghanistans-opium-crop-hits-record-high-as-farmers-return-to-planting-illicit-poppies-8573125.html]
9 U.S., Afghanistan Announcement of Counternarcotics Awards // U.S. Department of State. – 2010, 10 November:[http://
iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2010/11/20101110153112su0.6520894.html]
10 US to Give $19.2 m to Ministry of Counternarcotics // Afghanistan.net. – 2011, 04 December:[http://outlookafghanistan.net/national.php pageNum_national=143&totalRows_national=2652,], [http://outlookafghanistan.net/national_detail.php?post_
id=2723#sthash.bkwNjgGx.dpuf]
11 The deadly blooms of Helmand: Afghan farmers turn to the opium crop, despite the police’s best efforts // Independent. – 2015, 03 May; takzhe «Chego deystvitel’no udalos’ dostich’ v rezul’tate voyny v Afganistane?» // Independent. – 2011, 29 May
12 Afganskiy narkotrafik: osnovnyye marshruty. Spravka: [Press-konferentsiya glavy FSKN Rossii 11 fevralya 2011] // RIA Novosti. – 2010, 03 iyunya; UNODC World Drug Report 2010: URL:[https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-
2010.html]
13 Drug trafficking. UNODC World Drug Report 2010. URL: [https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2010.html]
14 The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: website 2010. – R.115. – URL: http://www. unodc.org/documents/data_and_analysis/tocta/TOCTA_Report_2010_low_res.
pdf; Sm.: Drug Situation Analysis Report: Central Asia
15 Opiate Flows through Northern Afghanistan and Central Asia: A Threat Assessment // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: website. 2012. May. – P. 46. URL: http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Studies/Afghanistan_nort-hern_
route_2012_web.pdf
16 Komissina I., Kurtov A. Narkoticheskaya «zarya» nad Tsentral’noy Aziyey – novaya ugroza tsivilizatsii // Tsentral’naya Aziya i Kavkaz. – 2000. – № 5; Narkotiki iz Afganistana v Rossiyu postavlyayut pochti 200 narkokarteley // Regnum.ru. – 2009, 06
May. – URL: [http://www.regnum.ru/news/1160010.html]
17 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: [http://www.unodc.org/
pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf]
18 Resolution 51/12 of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs [https://www.unodc.org/documents/ commissions/cnd/drug_resolutions/
2000-2009/2008/cnd_res-2008-12e. pdf]
19 Vsemirnyy doklad o narkotikakh 2015 g., UNODC// URL:http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2015/WDR15_ExSum_R.pdf
20 Al’ternativnoye razvitiye. Ofitsial’nyy sayt UNP OON // [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/ru/alternative-development/index.html]; Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015. Socio-economic analysis. March 2015. Research. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Counter Narcotics/ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: [www.unodc.org], [www.mcn.gov.af]
Downloads
How to Cite
Gubaidullina М. S., & Yurchenko А. J. (2016). Routing of a drug trafficking «Northern» and «Caspian» routs in a perspective of a regional threat to security. International Relations and International Law Journal, 73(1). Retrieved from https://bulletin-ir-law.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-mo/article/view/403
Issue
Section
International relations and foreign policy
