Water resources of the Earth and the globalization of water problems

Abstract

One of the limiting factors of the global economy of the XXI century and solving the acute global economic and social problems is water resources. Water is the basis of life, without what a single living organism can not operate. The water is a guarantee of health that supports humanity’s sanitation and hygiene culture. Water is an essential element of almost any industrial process. It plays a key role in maintaining the planet’s ecological balance and biodiversity. The problem of water resources is exacerbated every year. In general, the water resources of the Earth are enough to meet domestic and industrial needs of humanity. The problem arises because of the very uneven distribution of water resources in the countries and regions of the world. In addition, almost 2/5 of the world’s population lives in international river basins, which generate acute conflicts on water use of such basins. Kazakhstan applies to dry climate zone and freshwater availability per person is less than the world average by almost 5 times. Therefore, for our country the very urgent problems are efficient water management and the solution of international problems of transboundary water resources.